Bejan A.

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HEAT TRANSFER
H
ANDBOOK
A
drian Bejan
J.
A. Jones Professor of Mechanical Engineering
De
partment of Mechanical Engineering
Du
ke University
Du
rham, North Carolina
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A
llan D. Kraus
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Akron
Akron, Ohio
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JOHNWILEY & SONS, INC.
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Li
brary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Be
jan, Adrian, 1948–
Heat transfer handbook / Adrian Bejan, Allan D. Kraus.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-471-39015-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Heat—Transmission—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Kraus, Allan D. II. Title.
TJ250 .B35 2003
621.402'2—dc21
2002028857
Printed in the United States of America
10987654321
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To Warren Rohsenow and James Hartnett
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PREFACE
He
at transfer has emerged as a central discipline in contemporary engineering sci-
ence. The research activity of a few decades ago—the material reviewed in the first
handbooks—has distilled itself into textbook concepts and results. Heat transfer has
become not only a self-standing discipline in the current literature and engineering
curricula, but also an indispensable discipline at the interface with other pivotal and
older disciplines. For example, fluid mechanics today is capable of describing the
transport of heat and other contaminants because of the great progress made in mod-
ern convective heat transfer. Thermodynamics today is able to teach modeling, sim-
ulation, and optimization of “realistic” energy systems because of the great progress
made in heat transfer. Ducts, extended surfaces, heat exchangers, and other features
that may be contemplated by the practitioner are now documented in the heat transfer
literature.
To bring this body of results to the fingertips of the reader is one of the objectives
of this new handbook. The more important objective, however, is to inform the reader
on what has been happening in the field more recently. In brief, heat transfer marches
forward through new ideas, applications, and emerging technologies. The vigor of
heat transfer has always come from its usefulness. For example, the challenges of
energy self-sufficiency and aerospace travel, which moved the field in the 1970s,
are still with us; in fact, they are making a strong comeback. Another example is
the miniaturization revolution, which continues unabated. The small-scale channels
of the 1980s do not look so small anymore. Even before “small scale” became the
fashion, we in heat transfer had “compact” heat exchangers. The direction for the
future is clear.
The importance of optimizing the architecture of a flow system to make it fit into
a finite volume with purpose has always been recognized in heat transfer. It has been
and continues to be the driving force. Space comes at a premium. Better and better
shapes of extended surfaces are evolving into networks, bushes, and trees of fins. The
many surfaces designed for heat transfer augmentation are accomplishing the same
thing: They are increasing the heat transfer rate
density
, the size of the heat transfer
enterprise that is packed into a given volume.
The smallest features are becoming smaller, but this is only half of the story. The
other is the march toward greater complexity. More and more small-scale features
must be connected and assembled into a device whose specified size is always macro-
scopic. Small-scale technologies demand the optimization of increasingly complex
heat-flow architectures.
A highly distinguished group of colleagues who are world authorities on the
frontiers of heat transfer today have contributed to this new handbook. Their chapters
provide a bird’s-eye view of the state of the field, highlighting both the foundations
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PREFACE
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and, especially, the edifices that rest on them. Because space comes at a premium, we
have allocated more pages to those chapters dedicated to current applications. The
latest important references are acknowledged; the classical topics are presented more
briefly.
One feature of the handbook is that the main results and correlations are summa-
rized at the ends of chapters. This feature was chosen to provide quick access and
to help the flow of heat transfer knowledge from research to computer-aided design.
It is our hope that researchers and practitioners of heat transfer will find this new
handbook inspiring and useful.
Adrian Bejan acknowledges with gratitude the support received from Professor
Kristina Johnson, Dean of the Pratt School of Engineering, and Professor Kenneth
Hall, Chairman of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Duke University. Allan Kraus acknowledges the assistance of his wife, who has
helped in the proofreading stage of production.
Both authors acknowledge the assistance of our editor at John Wiley, Bob Argen-
tieri, our production editor, Milagros Torres, and our fantastic copy editor, known
only to us as Barbara from Pennsylvania.
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ADRIAN BEJAN
ALLAN D. KRAUS
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