Basic English Grammar

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BASIC
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
Second Edition
Librsry
of Congrcecl
Cataloging-ln-Public Data
Azar, Betty Scrampfer, 1941-
Basic English grammar
I
Betty Schrampfer Azar.
--
2nd ed.
D.
cm.
1ncludes indexes.
ISBN 0-13-368317-6
ISBN 0-13-368424-5 (v. 1). --ISBN 0-13-368358-3
(v.
2)
1. English language--Textbooksfor foreign speakers. 2. English
language--Grammar--Problems, exercises, etc.
I. Title.
PE1128.A96
1995
428.2'4--dc20
92-25711
CIP
Publisher:
Tina
B.
Carver
Director of Production and Manufacnuing:
Aliza Gremblan
Editorial Production/Design Manager:
Domini& Mosco
Editorial/Production Supervision:
Janet Johnston
Editorial Assistant:
ShUey
Hartle
Production Coordinator:
Ray Keating
Cover Coordinator:
Merle Krumper
Cover Production:
Molly
Piks
Riccardi
Cover Design:
Joel Mirnick Design
Interior Design:
Ros Hmon F~eese
Illustrations:
Don Martinetti
01996 by Betty Schrampfer Azar
A
Psarson Education Company
pearson
Bducation
10
Bank
Stren
White
Plains,
NY
10606
All rights re9e~e.d.No part of this book may be
reproduced,
in
any form or by any means,
without permission in writing
from
the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
15
ISBN 0-33-3b8337-b
ISBN 0-33-3b8b29-5
(Val.
A)
ISBN 0-33-3b8358-3
(Val.
0)
Contents
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
........................................................................................
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
...............................................................................................................
x
51
f
.
Chapter
1
-
USING BEAND HAVE
. .
........
:
U
fl
NOUN
+
IS
+
NOUN: SINGULAR
........................................................................
2
NOUN
+ARE
+
NOUN: PLURAL
............................................................................
4
........................................................................................
PRONOUN
+
BE
+
NOUN
6
CONTRACTIONS
WITH
BE
...................................................................................
7
NEGATIVE WITH
BE
.................................................................................................
8
BE
+
ADJECTIVE
...........................
....
.........................................................................
10
BE
+
A LOCATION
...........................................
....
..............................................
16
.................................................
SUMMARY: SENTENCE PATTERNS WITH
BE
20
.............................................
...........................
YESNO QUESTIONS WITH
BE
..
21
QUESTIONS WITH
BE:
USING
WHERE
...............................................................
24
.........................................................................................
USING
HAVE
AND
HAS
26
USING
MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR
......................................................
27
USING
THIS
AND
THAT
........................................................................................
30
USING
THESE AND THOSE
.................................................................................
31
.......
32
.................................
ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHATAND
WHO +BE
.I?'
'17'1
Chapter
2
EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART
I)
.
L
FORM AND BASIC MEANING OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
................
44
USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS:
ALWAYS. USUALLY. OFTEN.
.........................................................
SOMETIMES. SEL.DOM. R.4REL.Y. NEW
46
USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS WITH
BE
...........................................................
47
PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL
-S:
/Z/
AND
/S/
.......................................................
....
1
49
..
..................
...............
SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL
-ES
51
..................................
ADDING FINAL
-S/-ES
TO WORDS THAT END
IN
-Y
........................................
IRREGULAR SINGULAR VERBS:
HAS, DOES, GOES
52
SUMMARY: SPELLING
AND
PRONUNCIATION OF
-SAND -ES
...................
54
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
.
NEGATIVE
..................................................................
57
.
//I
CONTENTS
THE
SIMPLE PRESENT: YESNO QUESTIONS
..................................................
6
I
2-10
2-11
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
..........................................................................................................
WITH
WHERE
64
THE
SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
............................................................................
2-12
WITH WHEN
AND
WHAT TIME
66
........................
SUMMARY: INFORMATION QUESTIONS
WITH
BE
AND
DO
2-13
67
USING lTTOTALK ABOUT
TIME
........................................................................
2-14
72
.......................................................................................
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
2-15
73
.....................................................
USING ITTO TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER
2-16
74
.
.
"
Chapter
3
EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 2)
................
...........................................
BE
+
JNG:
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
84
SPELLING OF
-ZNG
.................
..
.............................................................................
87
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
.
QUESTIONS
.......................................................
89
THE SIMPLE PRESENT vs
.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
..............................
92
.............
NONACTION VERBS NOT USED IN THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
95
............................................
SEE, LOOKAT, WATCH,HEAR,
AND
LISTEN TO
97
NEED
AND
WANT
+
A NOUN OR AN
............................................
98
............................
............
..................................................................
WOULDLIKE
100
.
.........................................................................................
WOULDLIKEvs LJKE
101
THINKABOUT
AND
THINK
THAT
....................................................................
102
...........................................................................................................
THERE
+
BE
106
........................
THERE
+
BE
YESNO QUESTIONS
.........................................
i
107
................................
THERE
+
BE
ASKING QUESTIONS
WITH HOWMANY
109
............................................
............................
....
PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
11
Chapter 4
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
......................................................................
NOUNS: SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
127
..............................................................................................
ADJECTIVE
+
NOUN
129
..........................................
SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
131
...................................................................
NOUNS: SINGULAR AND PLURAL
134
..............................................................
NOUNS: IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS
139
...................................................................
NOUNS: COUNT AND NONCOUNT
141
. ................................. ...................................................................
..
USINGANvs
A
143
..........................................................................................
.
USING
A/AN vs SOME
144
...............................................
MEASUREMENTS WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
150
..............................................................................................................
USING
THE
156
.............................
USING 0 (NO ARTICLE) TO
MAKE
GENERALIZATIONS
160
......................................................................................
USING
SOME
AND
ANY
161
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
SOMETHING, SOMEONE,
.........................................................................................
ANYTHING, ANYONE
163
....................................
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
NOTHING
AND
NO ONE
164
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